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Underlying assumptions (p. 87) *Identify the underlying assumption. Remember that an assumption is not necessarily incorrect or unreasonable. 6.2: House prices rose quickly in the 1980s in many countries. There was a big slump in the 1990s and lots of house-buyers lost money. House prices are now rising very quickly again. House-buyers can expect to lose a lot of money. Answer: the last sentence is assuming that people will lose money, it may be correct or not. Implicit assumptions used as reasons (p. 90) *Read the following passages, in each case, identify: 1- conclusion 2- the implicit assumptions used as reasons to support the conclusion. 6.9: 1- It would be better if we returned to traditional methods, using leaves and roots of plants rather than mass-produced pharmaceuticals. 2-  * People used plants as a method of curing illnesses for centuries before the advent of modern medicines. * the same plants are often used by the pharmaceutical industry as the ba...
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Reflections about stereotypes

      A stereotype is an over-generalized belief or thought about a group of people, based on factors like their race, nationality, or sexual orientation. According to  Saul McLeod (2015), ''by stereotyping we infer that a person has a whole range of characteristics and abilities that we assume all members of that group have.''       Nevertheless, most stereotypes probably tend to convey a negative impression. In my case, as part of the Colombian population, I have evidenced some stereotypes that are very annoying, as for example that Colombian people are related to drugs or that we are terrorists, and those stereotypes are not true. The use of those kinds of stereotypes in most cases are affecting and ending the peace and convivence among communities.    The best way to face this problem is to show other people from different countries that our community is different and better than they think, and it starts by ...
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Fourth task B

Nancy S West Kelowna   April 8, 2018 '' This article is premised on a false dichotomy - that chimps are either human or things. Now it may be that because of quirks in the law this is what lawyers are facing, but it is still false. There clearly are humans, animals and inanimate objects i.e. "things". The borders between can get fuzzy (e.g. are bacteria and viruses animals or things?)'' It is clearly a disagreement because she is not convinced with the arguments proposed in the article and she gives reasons Jim Sheridan Rhode Island   April 8, 2018 '' Corporations are treated as persons under the First Amendment which resulted in the democracy killing Citizens United case.   If an inanimate legal construct can be a person,  one must consider the case for a living, breathing, intelligent, social, quasi-human cousin like the chimpanzee.'' It is an explanation because he is giving reasons why a corporation can be considered a person....
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Fourth task

Title of the article:   Should Chimpanzees Be Considered ‘Persons’? Position or point of view:   ''   If you are a person, you have the capacity for rights, including the right to habeas corpus relief, which protects you from unlawful confinement. If you are a thing, you do not have the capacity for rights.'' Argument: '' In February, a group of philosophers, including me,  submitted an amicus curiae brief  to the New York Court of Appeals in support of legal personhood for Kiko and Tommy. (Members of the group contributed to this article as well.) The court is considering whether to allow the case to proceed.'' Explanation:  ''    The idea of nonhuman personhood might seem confusing at first, since we tend to use the terms “human” and “person” interchangeably. But they are not equivalent. “Human” is best understood as a biological concept that refers, at present, to a member of a particular species, Homo sapiens. In contrast, “per...
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Stephen Brookfield on Creative & Critical Thinking

After the presentation of professor Stephen Brookfield,  he mentions some features of people who think critically and creatively, some of them were: identify assumptions behind thinking and action, check assumptions for accuracy and validity and take informed action. Moreover, he says that a person who thinks critically is able to view ideas and practices from multiple perspectives or viewpoints, that person can move outside from his or her habitual mental framework and is able to communicate those thoughts through a variety of different ways.  In regard to informed action, professor Stephen says it is based on evidence or experience that can be justified, it has its assumptions known and checked, it stands a chance of achieving its intended consequence, it has been viewed from multiple perspectives and is enacted via multiple modalities.  He also says that when he is introducing his students to the idea of critical thinking, he uses a lot the word assumption ...
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Reflections of '' What is critical thinking?''

  1: Emotional self-management For me, the emotions that are most difficult to manage when others disagree with me are: I usually tend to be patient and accept all points of view of the other people because I could be wrong, BUT, if I am conscious that I am right and the other person still believe that he or she is right, I feel despair because that person is too stubborn to understand. 2: Influences of my thinking: For me, the influences on my own thinking that I need to be most aware of so they don't prejudice my thinking are:   When I give my opinion about a topic, I try to be clear and avoid bias because it can cloud my judgment. A cognitive bias is a systematic error in thinking that affects the decisions and judgments that people make. the most common bias in my case is the confirmation bias. This is favoring information that conforms to your existing beliefs and discounting evidence that does not conform. 3: Challenging options: For me, the th...
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